|
Hippo (Regius) (Hippone) is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, in Algeria. Very rich and fully Romanized, it was destroyed by Arabs, who rebuilt nearby. Hippo Regius was a major city in Roman Africa, hosting several early Christian councils and home to the philosopher and theologian Augustine of Hippo.〔"A Berber, born in 354 at Thagaste (now Souk-Ahras) in Africa, he died as Bishop of Hippo (later Bone, now Annaba) in 430, while the Vandals were besieging the town.", Fernand Braudel, ''A history of civilizations (1963)'', Penguin Books, 1995, p.335〕 In even earlier days, the city was a royal residence for Numidian kings. == History == Hippo Regius was a Tyrian colony on the west coast of the bay to which it gave its name: ''Hipponensis Sinus'', first settled by the Phoenicians probably in the 12th century BC; the surname ''Regius'' 'of the King' was bestowed on it as one of the places where the Numidian kings resided. The name Hippo is from Punic ''ûbôn'' 'harbor.'〔Peter Brown, ''Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD'' (Princeton University Press, 2013; ISBN 1400844533), p. 326.〕 A maritime city near the mouth of the river Ubus, it became a Roman colonia which prospered and became a major city in Roman Africa. It is perhaps most famous as the bishopric of Saint Augustine of Hippo in his later years. Advancing eastwards along the North African coast, the Vandals laid siege to the walled city of Hippo Regius in 430. Inside, Saint Augustine and his priests prayed for relief from the invaders, knowing full well that the fall of the city would spell conversion (to Arianism) or death for many Roman Christians. On 28 August 430, three months into the siege, St. Augustine (who was 75 years old) died,〔(Newadvent.org )〕 perhaps from starvation or stress, as the wheat fields outside the city lay dormant and unharvested. After 14 months, hunger and the inevitable diseases were ravaging both the city inhabitants and the Vandals outside the city walls. The city fell to the Vandals and King Geiseric made it the first capital of the Vandal kingdom until the capture of Carthage in 439.〔Andrew Merrills and Richard Miles, ''The Vandals'' (Blackwell Publishing, 2007), p. 60.〕 It was conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire in 534 AD and was kept under Byzantine rule until 698 AD, when it fell to the Muslims; the Arabs rebuilt the town in the eighth century. The city's later history is treated under its modern (Arabic and colonial) names. About three kilometres distant in the eleventh century the Berber Zirids established the town of ''Beleb-el-Anab'', which the Spaniards occupied for some years in the sixteenth century, as the French did later, in the reign of Louis XIV. France took this town again in 1832. It was renamed Bone or Bona, and became one of the government centres for the département of Constantine in Algeria. It had 37,000 inhabitants, of whom 10,800 were original inhabitants, consisting of 9,400 Muslims and 1400 naturalized Jews. 15,700 were French and 10,500 foreigners, comprising a great many Italians. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hippo Regius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|